types of stock

When taking into account several aspects in order to optimize delivery times, route planning and inventory management, much attention must be paid to the product itself that is present in the warehouses. We are talking about the stock or inventory.

Of course, not all types of stock can be treated in the same way. There are stocks that need special attention because they are more perishable, fragile or have more restrictive measures than others.

Any sector must work very well with the following types of stock, which are classified according to their functions and operational criteria.

Types of stock according to their functionality

Not all inventory in a warehouse serves the same function. These include stock that is stored in a warehouse, in transit to its destination, and stock that has yet to arrive to replenish inventories. The following are mentioned below:

Active stock

These are the stocks available for sale and distribution, which move between maximum and minimum limits. Of course, they are of utmost importance as they are the type of stock that directly affects customer demands, therefore, their quantity, the detection of possible defects, among other aspects, must be well monitored.

Cycle stock

It consists of inventory that has a regular demand and has this function: to cover it without being affected by unusual times or circumstances. As it is a matter of satisfying the number of regular orders, it is of great importance to control its stock level through the implementation of safety stock, among other measures. If this were not the case, there would be a serious case of stock out. 

Seasonal stock

These are stocks designed to meet high demand at a peak of sales based on specific seasons such as the Black Friday or Christmas. First of all, you must calculate the expected number of orders based on previous years and make sure that this stock is suitable for distribution and sale.

Security stock

As its name indicates, it is the type of additional stock that is intended to anticipate possible problems with the active stock, for example, factory defects, delivery delays, among other things. It is also used to cover unexpectedly high demand, excluding certain times of the year.

It is of utmost importance to have this type of inventory, especially at peak demand to avoid stock-outs.

Speculative stock

For rather economic purposes, it is stock that is ordered more than necessary due to the benefit of price reductions and discounts. However, special care must be taken in distributing it among the active stock because an excessive quantity can cause an excess of inventory that can become inactive due to expiration dates and product obsolescence.

In-transit stock

Not to be confused with the active stock, these are the goods that are in an internal process of the company, either delivery or distribution. It is possible to take control over these stocks thanks to route optimizers that report in real time the progress of the order.

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